Recovery, treated as a science.

Much of perioperative care is inherited habit. The group's double-blind randomized trial of gabapentin for sinus surgery measured what actually reduces pain and opioid consumption after FESS. A companion RCT asked the optimal pre-operative corticosteroid dose in polyp disease — enough to shrink inflammation, no more than needed.

A third line of trials studies virtual reality as distraction analgesia during awake, office-based procedures — directly relevant to the practice's in-office hybrid OR program, where patient comfort without general anesthesia is the entire premise.